Abdominal pain, gas, acidity, indigestion, bloating, constipation, and diarrhoea are common complaints. They may be temporary, but repeated or persistent symptoms should not simply be normalised.
A clinical review looks at the duration and pattern of symptoms, recent food or water exposure, medicines, weight change, fever, bleeding, hydration, diabetes, and other medical conditions. Investigations should be selected according to this assessment rather than ordered indiscriminately.
During an episode of diarrhoea
The immediate priority is preventing dehydration:
- use oral rehydration solution (ORS) as directed;
- drink safe water and take fluids in small, frequent amounts;
- continue tolerable, nutritious food rather than prolonged fasting;
- maintain careful hand and food hygiene; and
- avoid taking antibiotics or anti-diarrhoeal medicines without advice.
Warning signs
Seek prompt care for blood in the stool, persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, marked weakness, reduced urination, confusion, high fever, or signs of dehydration. Diarrhoea lasting 14 days or longer is considered persistent and requires medical assessment.
Further reading: World Health Organization guidance on diarrhoeal disease and ORS.
This article is for health education and does not replace an individual medical consultation. Symptoms, test results, medicines, and treatment decisions should be discussed with a qualified clinician.